]> gist This is a minimalist upper ontology. Available via the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike license. See here for license details http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. Current version at http://ontologies.semanticarts.com/gist/gist.owl Created with e6Tools Graphical OWL Editor from S:\_SemanticArts\Offerings\gist\_gist6.2\gistCore6.2.vsd Page:Gist connectedTo A non owning, non causal connection. madeUpOf characterizedAs Used to describe an event contains similar to hasPart, but wimpier hasMember members in collections, organization etc date time having the range be decimal is a temporary fix until we find out why Fact++ doesn't like time. dateTime categorizedBy Points to a taxonomy item or other less formally defined class. hasEvidence Evidence of authentication or agreement. convertToBase Used to convert from one unit of measure to another if they both have the same zero base. Note: this is the conversion factor by which to multiply a unit to get to the base, e.g., the conversion factor for inch would be 0.0254. You divide by the convertToBase number to get from one base unit to another. decimalValue currencyValue Currencies are rounded to specified precision conversionOffset On the Celsius scale, the conversionOffset is -273.15°C. On the Fahrenheit scale it is -459.67°. numerator Fiirst term in a ratio unit of measure. (Distance in the ratio unit "speed.") denominator Second unit in the ratio unit of measure (Duration (time) in "speed.") hasUoM Which unit of measure you are using. All measures are in some uom, even if we don't know what it is initially. baseUnit zOffset How far in the "z" dimension this item is from its local origin. yOffset How far in the "y" dimension this item is from its local origin. xOffset How far in the "x" dimension this item is from its local origin. uniqueText This is used for the actual value of a key or ID where you don't want the possibility of having more than one. governs The subject controls or inhibits the object in some way. Ownership is one case, as is jurisdiction, inhibiting, custodianship. owns Owning adds legal title to governance. guardianOver hasJurisdictionRegion controls This is the essential agentive relationship. If I've been delegated the right to enter into a contract on someone's behalf, I'm their agent in that context, but we'll say they control the the ability to enter into a contract. occurredAt Location where an event occured. universalDate universalDateTime universalTime latitude longitude text label fromAgent The source of a message or shipment. toAgent Comment: this is not the inverse of fromAgent. A message can be from someone. If we made it the inverse the person would be "to" the message sequence For ordering ordered lists. name This is the casual definition of name. For some items it might be more appropriate to use a sub type of hasID. fromPlace a point or region that something came from toPlace a point or region that something went to allocatedTo Meaning that the subject has been assigned or reserved or set aside to the object. Funds can be allocated to projects, people (really their time) can be allocated to tasks, departments, or organizations. There will likely be many subproperties of this with varying shades of meaning for how flexibly the allocation has been made. affects These are relationships where the domain end has some sort of effect on the range end. As much as possible, these will be verb tense independent, so we won't have use, uses, used, but just use. hasGoal A process or agent that has a specific intention. transform Generally, to convert from one form to another; also used here as a process which could move an item from one state to another. biologicalParentOf To be the biological parent of. Used instead of parent because parent is highly overloaded term. produce The subject creates the object, i.e., a task produces a deliverable; a template produces a program. useUp The subject consumes or consumed the object, either wholly or partially, i.e., Painting useUp Paint. This will also be used for "liqudate" and "partially liquidate" as in an invoice will liquidate a PO, or a payment will liquidate a debt. use To consume. The subject uses the object. Using it up (consuming it) is a subtype of using, but the object may not be used up but just necessary. offsetToUniversal Decimal hours ahead of (+) or behind (-) GMT. party The people or organizations that are in an agreement. giver Obligations have one party that is giving and one receiving (getting). getter Obligations have receivers of the obligation. recognizedBy Legally acknowledging the existence of. directlyRecognizedBy Legally acknowledging the existence of. hasA High level property meaning to contain or include. At this level it is neither exclusive nor non exclusive. Superior, subordinate relationships between subjects and objects. hasPart Containing something that has independent existence. We can say a car hasPart seat or engine, but not hasPart weight. The weight cannot exist independent of the car. No cascading delete. hasIncumbent This is to relate something ephemeral (a position) with something potentially more real (i.e., an employee). hasDirectPart Use hasDirectPart to associate parts. Allow t's parent (hasPart) to complete the transitivity. identifiedBy This is like a uri: a thing can have more than one ID, but each of the IDs must refer to a unique thing. expressedIn Intellectual Property (computer programs, documents, inventions, etc.) are expressed in either media or a language and usually both. hasOccupant More specific form of incumbent where we are referring to residing at or working at, or doing business at a very specific location. permanentGeoContains This is for things attached to the earth. Permanent is a relative term, but it is more than saying a car is in a particular city, it's more that a building or tree, or lake is (they don't move very often). geoDirectlyContains Located at a specific place on the earth. recordedOn Date that something was posted, not necessarily the date it occurred. Must be after the occurred date, but could be before or after the planned date. (Unusual, but I could record today that I expected to be paid last week.) hasAltitude Distance above sea level hasFeature A feature is something that an individual has exclusively, and that if the individual were to go away so would the feature. All datatype properties are features, but in OWL it wouldn't work to have a datatype property be a subtype of an object property. hasFeature is just for the object type features that work like dataType properties. It implies a cascading delete. actualStart When something did start, therefore noting an historical event. plannedStart A date/time that was at least at some point in time in the future. It may be in the past now, but when we planned it, it was in the future. start Generically when something did or should start. planned Dates that were in the future at the time they were made. actualEnd When something did end. plannedEnd A date/time that was at least at some point in time in the future. It may be in the past now, but when we planned it, it was in the future. end Generically when some thing did or should end. actual historical Dates hasPreferredTerm If there are many terms for a concept or specific instance, this is the one to use. supercede Subject supercedes the object, i.e., is a newer version of it. hasCommunicationAddress The general class of places you can send messages including postal addresses, fax numbers, phone numbers, email, web site, etc. hasStreetAddress A place that can be found on a map, has geo coordinates; you could live or work there. regarding Peer to peer relationships between subjects and objects. about Subject matter of a document. delegatesTo transformFrom basisFor Reason, law, rule, etc. behind an action or decision. hasBirth Date a living thing was "born" (or germinated, for plants). hasMagnitude To have a comparable numerical value. Each magnitude has a unit. localDate localDateTime localTime geoContains Located at a specific place on the earth. cause The subject will or did cause the object prevent The subject will or did prevent the object allow The subject will or does allow the object Surface Boundary between a solid or liquid and its environment FilledPosition 1 Position Event an event occurred or will occur over an interval of time TimeInterval PostalAddress A set of codes the postal authorities can use to deliver mail. Could be a street address, could be a postal address, could be the route codes Address TelephoneNumber Some phone numbers accept faxes, some allow internet access, etc. Address LivingThing Something that is or at some point was alive and growing. PhysicalIdentifiableItem Person This is a member of homo sapiens, who has lived at some point, and may or may not be dead. With open world you never know if someone has died. Fictitious people are not persons. LivingThing NonPhysicalSubstance A substance in the sense that there is measurably more or less of it, but not necessarily physical (money and content, for instance). Money Paper or electronically transferrable monetary asset. Not a price, but an asset. NonPhysicalSubstance Substance Non corporeal material. That is, "stuff" which can be divided in half and stil retain its essence (i.e., water, penicillin and even h. pilori bacteria except for those very rare cases where someone is studying an individual bacterium). PhysicalIdentifiableItem You could at least in principle put an RFID tag on members of this class.. Physical things are made of something (statues are made of bronze) Signature Evidence of agreement or authentication; could be an electronic signature or a reference to a wet ink signature. Content Message A specific message from an Agent to at least one other agent. Could be email, a phone call, a voice message or a Web Service message between applications. Content Language A recognized, organized set of symbols and grammar. ElectronicMessageAddress Any place a message can be sent (email, fax, etc.). Address Media Low level primitive for stored information (ie could be paper, electronic etc) Substance Text Content in words. Content Address A place (real or virtual) that can be located by some routing algorithm and where messages or things can be sent. Content MediaOrLanguage Language Media DegreeOfCommitment How obligated you are to the commitment, which often includes what legal remedies exist for non compliance. Category Content Documents, programs, images and the like. Categories are not content until they are written down. 1 MediaType The first level is media types like oil, or marble, paper or electronic, then we get to specific MIME types Category Term Narrative description of the specifics of an offer. This is "term" in the sense of the "terms" of a contract. Content ComputerLanguage A language which could be executed by a computer. Language NaturalLanguage A human language such as English or Spanish. Language ComputerProgram Content (code) that converts inputs into outputs Content Template A template is some form of content that can't necessarily execute on its own, but could be exectuted by a program and uses some form of rules to produce additional output. Rule Move Action Action Has an agent and an object. 1 Behavior PhysicallyMove Move Convert Includes all conversions such as calculations, etc. 1 1 Action PhysicallyConvert All manufacturing operations such as milling, drilling, bending, welding, etc. Convert Decision An individual decision. Behavior TimeInstant A point on a time line. Could be a literal instant (as in 12:01.0001 January 1, 2008) or a broader, but still single point in time (January 1, 2008). Time and dates are in xsd: DateTime format in Universal Time. LocalInstant Local time is in a timezone and has an offset to Universal time. We may not know the universal time, but we know the instant necessarily has a universal time. TimeInterval A specific interval on a time line. So this is January 1, 2008 to January 8, 2008, which has a duration , but isn't a duration. Note has two instants. The endDate is assumed to be greater than the start, but this is not enforced Room An enclosed area within a building. PhysicalIdentifiableItem BuildingAddress An address that you can send mail to or that you could find in the physical world. Address Landmark PhysicalIdentifiableItem Artifact Something intentionally made Property Building Landmark Artifact DomainID The id of an agent or an artifact that sets up the context within which ids are meant to uniquely refer to one item.The US Social Security Admin is a domain which is supposed to assure that a given Social Security Number refers to a single person. Could also be a next avail number routine ID AgentOnBehalfOf Agent ID A string of characters that refers to a referent in the real world (person, place, organzation, vehicle, etc.), a concept or an event. Intended to be unique within a domain (but generally no guaranty of this). Organization This is a legally recognized organization which can enter into contracts and have them enforced. CountryGovernment GovernmentOrganization GovernmentOrganization Established either by fiat (as a conquering army overtakes a land and declares a government) or by delegation from a fiat government, such as a state or local government or a specific agency. Differ from corporations in that they cannot be owned. Organization Corporation The set of "ownable" organizations, that is, corporations and partnerships, recognized by a state. Organization InformalOrganization A group that can be recognized and can in some cases contract, but is not recognized by the state and cannot be owned. Seems like they should have a unique ID, but I don't know that they need to. Organization MarriedCouple The entity that can engage in contracts, as joint tenants, tenants in common, etc. 2 Organization Domain Agent Agent SocialBeing ComputerProgram Agreement Contract or other binding agreement 2 2 Obligation A future commitment from one social being to another. Contracts are sets of oblgations to do or forebear, or indemnify or warrant. Offer Something which could be offered commercially. Includes products, services, guaranties, warranties, encumbrances, etc. Offering A description of the thing being offered, (its features, etc.). ProductOffering Offering something which could be warehoused. Offering ServiceOffering A description of something that can be done for a person or organization (which produces some form of an "act"). Offering InclusionCriteria Rules for including something in an intensional set (could be OWL, but could be SQL or just natural language). Criteria A set of guildelines used in making a decision. Intention Goal, desire, aspiration. This is the "telelogic" aspect of the system that indicates things are done with a purpose. Permission A description of things one is permitted to do; could be broad such as free speech, but more often is very specific such as the right of egress through a particular property. Intention Rule Law, Policy or criteria Criteria A set of guildelines used in making a decision. ObligationOrRule Obligation Rule GeoPoint Individual point on Earth's surface, including latitude, longitude and altitude. If altitude is missing, assumed to be at the earth's surface, however, altitude is measured from sea level. GeoRegion Bounded region(s) on surface of the earth. At this level a geoRegion could be non contiguous (the USA is the contiguous 48 states plus Alaska and Hawaii). Child classes in lower ontologies can make this distinction. GeoRoute Ordered set of GeoPoints that define a route from starting point to ending point. OrderedCollection GeoSegment Single segment. 1 1 TimeZone I haven't found a definitive source for time zone names or their geoboundaries. I'll suggest the tz database for now. GeoRegion GeoPrimitive Any of the primary geographical shapes. GeoPoint GeoRegion GeoSegment Location GeoPrimitive RelativeLocation UnitedNations Organization RelativeLocation Location relative to an origin. OrdinalCollection An ordinal collection is ordered, but has the additional property that the ordering represents a "greater than" relationship. Amazon uses an ordered collection for rating the quality of used books (Unacceptable, Acceptable, Good, Very Good, Like New, New). If you do a query to get the lowest price for a particular book at the "Good" category, you will get only "Good" ones. If the collection were an ordinal collection, you could get the lowest price on all the items "Good" or greater. OrderedCollection PhysicallyLocatable Can be found in the real world; includes counties as well as cars. PhysicalIdentifiableItem GeoPrimitive Collection 1 IntensionalCollection Collection ExtensionalCollection 1 OrderedCollection ExtensionalCollection SocialBeing This is the Cyc term, if we can, I'd like to think of something better. Until then this is just the union of people and organizations. it is a superset of objects that can enter into contracts. We're not calling it a party as that is the relationship to the contract more than the entity that might be able to enter into one. Person Organization RankedPosition A position in a collection where the position is ordered. It is the responsibility of the collection to maintain the ordering, but the position has an order feature. Position Position Placeholder in a collection or an organization for someone or something. A slot. Origin Description of a place, physical or abstract, that can be used to position other items relatively. The origin might be the top left of a screen or form, or it might be the back, lower left corner of a trailer. Property That which can (at least theoretically) be owned. All current jurisdictions have rules against owning people, but that needs to be expressed in rules rather than definitions. Content Corporation Permission PhysicalIdentifiableItem Substance Money MoleUnit UnitOfMeasure MolarQuantity Amount of a substance as counted molecules. It's here for completeness, in case we bridge to an SI unit conversion ontology. It is unlikely a commercial system, with the possible exception of some involved in chemical research, would use this. Note: I left out the disjointness with Count, Weight and Volume as there is some ambiguity, at least in my mind, as to whether they are mutually exclusive. Magnitude ElectricCurrent Voltage Magnitude ElectricalCurrentUnit Units of electrical power (volt). Note that wattage, current and kilowatt hours are composed unts. UnitOfMeasure Luminance Measure of light Magnitude LuminescenceUnit Measure of brightness (candles). UnitOfMeasure CountingUnit Units of counting, especially "each" but also units such as dozens. UnitOfMeasure Count Measures that involve countable amounts ("eaches" as well as cases, etc.). Can be decimal. Note: we did not make count disjoint will all the other magnitudes as there are some magnitudes that could conceivably be counted (say distance in rods, it's a bit of a stretch admittedly but shouldn't harm anything). Magnitude Magnitude A scalar value which is either measured, estimated or set as a refernece value. Magnitudes of the same dimensional type ( i.e., duration or electric current) can be compared with a greater than or less than operator, but can still differ in their relationToTheWorld type (i.e., you can compare actuals to estimates or references as long as the dimension is the same). UnitOfMeasure Each unit has a base unit and a conversion factor to the base. The bases are from SI. This is the number you multiple a Unit by to get to base or divide by to get from base. So the convertToBase for inch is 0.0254 to get you to the base (meter) 1 Percentage This is a ratio class where the numerator and denominator are of the same unit of measure. This would have to be enforced as a SWRL rule. Note: there are various ways to represent percentage: 50/100 could be represented as "50" or "0.5". We have chosen the later as it involves fewer conversions for subsequent use. Ratio RatioUnit Ratio Units are composed of two units, a numerator and denominator (for instance, miles/hour). Conversion factor will not be on the ratios, but will be on the numerator and denominator (i.e., there won't be a conversion factor from miles/hour to kilometers/sec, but there will be one to convert the miles to kilometers and the hours to seconds). UnitOfMeasure Ratio Magnitude CurrencyUnit Units of money. Note: this is the only unit whose conversion factors include time (i.e., the conversion rates change on a daily basis). UnitOfMeasure Monetary Special type of magnitude due to the way rounding is handled in math and temporal aspect of conversion. Magnitude TemperatureUnit Temperatures have a different zero value and therefore need an offset for coversion. UnitOfMeasure Temperature Base of temperature is in Kelvin per SI to allow for all units to be expressed relative to a real (in this case absolute) zero. Magnitude MassUnit Units of weight, e.g., pounds, kilos, etc. UnitOfMeasure Weight Magnitude of mass. Assumes object is near the earth's surface, so weight and mass are equivalent for our purposes. Magnitude Volume Three dimensional space or equivalent fluid measurement. Magnitude VolumeUnit Units of three dimensional volume (cubic inch) as well as fluid volume (ounces). UnitOfMeasure Area Two-dimensional area. Magnitude AreaUnit Units of two-dimensional area such as square inches and hectares. UnitOfMeasure Extent A measure of distance which could be distances over the earth, and could also be height, width, length, depth, girth, etc. Magnitude DistanceUnit Units to measure linear distance such as feet and kilometers. UnitOfMeasure Duration Time, but not on time line. For instance one week, or seven days, but not Jan 1, 2008 to Jan 7, 2008 (which is an interval). Intervals have durations but aren't durations. Magnitude DurationUnit Units to measure passage of time, hours, days, years. UnitOfMeasure Category Instances of this class are used to categorize other instances informally. This could be tags, folksonomies or formal definitions from other systems. Request SpeechAct UnitOfMeasure BaseUnit Goal A specific intentional endpoint. Intention Restriction A description of things one is prevented from doing; could be broad such as free speech, but more often is very specific such as the right of egress through a particular property. Intention Criteria General term that covers Rules, Laws and programmable criteria Intention SpeechAct Loosely based on Searle, in order to complete workflow type behavior. who or what did the act. We will say that People and Organizations can make speech acts, but not computer programs 1 Behavior Declare To state that something is so, also to affirm or attest as to identity SpeechAct Commit Affirmation that obligates SpeechAct AgreementOrObligation Agreement Obligatin Transfer A change of ownership, might co-incide with movement SpeechAct Behavior Ways of categorizing events (differentiating drilling versus cutting for instance) Act Deprecated use gist:Behavior BaseUnit Design intent was to base units of measure on the base unit instances, but currently introduces too much of a performance hit. Second 1.0 Meter 1.0 SquareMeter 1.0 Each 1.0 USDollar 1.0 Kilogram 1.0 CubicMeter 1.0 Kelvin 1.0 0 Ampere 1.0 Candela 1.0 Mole 1.0 second meter squareMeter each uSDollar kilogram cubicMeter kelvin ampere candela mole