]> gist This is a minimalist upper ontology. Freely available for use, no warranties. Current version at htp://ontologies.semanticarts.com/gist/gist.ow Created with e6Tools Graphical OWL Editor points to a taxonomy item or other less formally defined class A non owning, non causal connection Evidence of authentication or agreement used to convert from one unit of measure to another if they both have the same zero base. Note this is the conversion factor to multiply a unit by to get to the base. So the conversion factor for inch would be 0.0254. You divide by the convertToBase number to get from a base unit to another. Currencies are rounded to specified precision Used for tempreature conversion because Celicus and Fehrenheit have non zero zero bases. It's the kelvin temperature of zero in the other temperature scale Fiirst term in a ratio unit of measure. (Distance in the ratio unit "speed"). Second unit in the ratio unit of measure (Duration (time) in "speed"). Which unit of measure are you using. All measures are in some uom, even if we don't know what it is initially How far in the "z" dimension this item is from it's local origin How far in the "y" dimension this item is from it's local origin How far in the "x" dimension this item is from it's local origin This is used for the actual value of a key or ID where you don't want the possibility of having more than one. The subject controls or inhibits the object in some way. Ownership is one case, as is jurisdiction, inhibiting, custodianship. Adds to governance legal title. This is the essential agentive relationship. If I've been delegated the right to enter into a contract on someone's behalf I'm their agent in that context, but we'll say they control the the ability to enter into a contract. Location where an event occured. to receive something (a message or a product ) from someone or a program Comment: this is not the inverse of fromAgent. A message can be from someone, if we made it the inverse the person would be "to" the message For ordering ordered lists. This is the casual definition of name, for some items it may be more appropriate to use a sub typeof hasID a point or region that something came from a point or region that something went to Meaning that the subject has been assigned or reserved or set aside to the object. Funds can be allocated to projects, people (really their time) can be allocated to tasks, or departments or organizations. There will likely be many subproperties of this with varying shades of meaning for how flexibly the allocation has been made. These are relationships where the domain end has some sort of effect on the range end. As much as possible these will be verb tense independent, so we won't have use, uses, used, but just use). A process or agent that has a specific intention. Generally to convert from one form to another, also used here as process which could move an item in one state to another To be the biological parent of. Used instead of parent because parent is highly overloaded term The subject creates or creates more of the object, i.e., task produce deliverable; template produce program The subject consumes or consumed the object, either wholly or partially. i.e., Painting useUp Paint. This will also be used for "liqudate" and "partially liquidate" as in an invoice will liquidate a PO, or a payment will liquidate a debt. To consume. The subject uses the object. Using it up (consuming it) is a subtype of using, but the object may not be used up but just necessary. Decimal hours ahead of (+) or behind (-) GMT The people or organizations that are in an agreement Obligations have one party that is giving and one receiving (getting). obligations have receivers of the obligation legally acknowledging the existence of legally acknowledging the existence of High level property meaning to contain or include. At this level it is neither exclusive nor non exclusive. Superior, subordinate relationships between subjects and objects. Containing something that has independent existence. We can say a car hasPart seat or engine, but not hasPart weight. The weight can not exist independent of the car. No cascading delete. This is to relate something ephemeral (a position) with sometihng potentially more real (ie an employee). Use hasDirectPart to associate parts. Allow t's parent (hasPart) to complete the transitivity. This is like a uri: a thing can have more than one ID, but each of the IDs must refer to a unique thing Intellectual Property (computer programs, documents, inventions, etc.) are expressed in either media or a language and usually both. More specific form of incumbent where we are referring to residing at or working at, or doing business at a very specific location. This is for things attached to the earth. Permanent is a relative term, but it is more than saying a car is in a particular city, it's more that a building or tree, or lake is (they don't move very often). Located at a specific place on the earth. Data that something was posted, not necessarily the date it occured. Must be after the occurred date, but could be before or after the planned date. (Unusual, but I could record today that I expected to be paid last week.) Distance above sea level A feature is something that an individual has exclusively, and that if the individual were to go away so would the feature.All datatype properties are features, but in owl it wouldn't work to have a datatype property be a subtype of an obejct property. hasFeature is just for the object type features that work like dataType properties. It implies a cascading delete. When something did start, therefore noting an historical event. A date/time that was at least at some point in time in the future. it may be in the past now, but when we planned it it was in the future. Generically when some did or should start. dates that were in the future at the time they were made When something did end. A date/time that was at least at some point in time in the future. it may be in the past now, but when we planned it it was in the future. Generically when some thing did or should end. historical Dates If there are many terms for a concept or specific instance, this is the one to use. Subject supercedes the object i.e., is a newer version of it. The general class of places you can send messages including postal addresses, fax numbers, phone numbers, email, web site, etc. A place that can be found on a map, has geo coordinates, you could live or work there. Peer to peer relationships between subjects and objects. Subject matter of a document. Reason, law rule, etc. behind an action or decision Date a living thing was "born" (or germinated for plants) To have a comparable numerical value. Each magnitude has a unit. Located at a specific place on the earth. A set of codes the postal authorities can use to deliver mail. Could be a street address, could be a postal address, could be the route codes Some phone numbers accept faxes, some allow internet access, etc. This is an individually identifiable item (not a substance, type or category). Generally a corporeal item or a document. Something that is or at some point was alive and growing. This is a member of homo sapiens, who has lived at some point, and may or may not be dead. With open world you never know if someone has died. Fictitious people are not persons. A substance in the sense that there is measurably more or less of it, but not necessarily physical (money and content, for instance) paper or electronically transferrable monetary asset. Not a price, but an asset Non corporeal material. That is, "stuff" which can be divided in half and stil retain its essence (i.e., water, penicillin and even h. pilori bacteria except for those very rare cases where someone is studying an individual bacterium). You could at least in principle put an RFID tag on members of this class evidence of agreemetn or authentication, could be electronic signature or a reference to a wet ink signature. A specific message from on Agent to at least one other agent. Could be email, a phone call, a voice message or a Web Service message between applications. A recognized organized set of symbols and grammar Any place a message can be send (email, fax, etc.). Low level primitive for stored media. content in words A place (real or virtual) that can be located by some routing algorithm and where messages or things can be sent Extent to which an obligation be completed and/or extent of remedy Documents, programs, images and the like. Categories are not content until they are written down. 1 There are many different media typing schemes such as MIME Narrative description of the specifics of an offer. This is "term" in the sense of the "terms" of a contract. A language which could be executed by a computer. A human language such as English or Spanish Content (code) that converts inputs into outputs A template is some form of content that can't necessarily execute on its own, but could be exectuted by a program and uses some form of rules to produce additional output. An individual instance of doing something (an event). Note this can be historical or planned. has an agent and an object 1 includes all conversions such as calculations, etc. 1 1 All manufacturing operations such as milling, drilling, bending, welding etc an individual decision A point on a time line. Could be a literal instant (as in 12:01.0001 January 1, 2008) or an broader, but still single point in time (January 1, 2008). Time and dates are in xsd: DateTime format in Universal Time. 1 Local time is in a timezone and has an offset to Universal time. We may not know the universal time, but we know the instant necessarily has a universal time. 1 A specific interval on a time line. So this is January 1, 2008 to January 8, 2008, which has a duration , but isn't a duration. Note has two instants. The endDate is assumed to be greater than the start, but this is not enforced An enclosed area within a building An address that you can send mail to or that you could find in the physical world. The id of an agent or an artifact that sets up the context within which ids are meant to uniquely refer to one item. For instance the US Social Security Administration is a domain which is supposed to assure that a given Social Security Number refers to a single person. Could also be a form that assures that labels are unique on the form. A string of characters that refers to a referent in the real world (person, place, organzation, vehicle, etc.) a concept or an event. Intended to be unique within a domain (but generally no guarentee of this). This is a legally recognized organization which can enter into contracts and have them enforced Established either by fiat (as a conquering army overtakes a land and declares a government) or by delegation from a fiat government, such as a state or local government or a specific agency. Differ from corporations in that they cannot be owned. The set of "ownable" organizations, that is, corporations and partnerships, recognized by a state. A group that can be recognized and can in some cases contract, but is not recognized by the state and can not be owned. Seems like they should have a unique ID, but I don't know that they need to. The entity that can engage in contracts, as joint tenants, tenants in common, etc 2 Contract or other binding agreement 2 2 An ordinal set of possible degrees of commitment. This is an important concept, but it varies by industry. In gistComp we provide one example. A future commitment from one social being to another. Contracts are sets of oblgations to do or forebear, or indemnify or warrant. Something which could be offered commercially. Includes products, services, guarentees, warrantees, encumbrances etc. A description of the thing being offerred, (its features, etc.). A description of something that can be done for a person or organization (which produces some form of an "act") Rules for including something in an intensional set (could be OWL, but could be SQL or just natural language) Goal, desire, aspiration. This is the "telelogic" aspect of the system that indicates things are done with a purpose. A description of things one is permitted to do: could be broad such as free speech, but more often is very specific such as the right of egress through a particular property Law, Policy or computer program Restricts input or result A set of guildelines used in making a decision Rules that impede Individual point on Earth's surface, including latitude and longitude and altitude. If altitude missing assumed to be at the earths surface, however altitude is measured from sea level. Bounded region(s) on surface of the earth. At this level a geoRegion could be non contiguous. (the USA is the contiguous plus Alaska and Hawaii). Child classes in lower ontologies can make this distinction. Ordered set of GeoPoints that define a route from starting point to ending point. Single segment. 1 1 I haven't found a definative source for time zone names or their geoboundaries. I'll suggest the tz database for now. Any of the primary geographical shapes. location relative to an origin. An ordinal collection is ordered, but has the additional property that the ordering represents a "greater than" relationship. Amazon uses an ordered collection for rating the quality of used books (Unacceptable, Acceptable, Good, Very Good, Like New, New). If you do a query to get the lowest price for a particular book at the "Good" category, you will get only "Good" ones. If the collection were an ordinal collection, you could get the lowest price on all the items "Good" or greater. Can be found in the real world, includes counties as well as cars 1 1 1 This is the Cyc term, if we can, I'd like to think of something better. Until then this is just the union of people and organizations. it is a superset of objects that can enter into contracts. We're not calling it a party as that is the relationship to the contract more than the entity that might be able to enter into one. A position in a collection where the position is ordered. It is the responsibility of the collection to maintain the ordering, but the position has an order feature. (hasID that is comparable, that is, is a magnitude.) Place holder in a collection or an organization for someone or something Description of a place, physical or abstract, that can be used to position other items relatively. So the origin might be the top left of a screen or form, or it might be the back, lower left corner of a trailer. That which can (at least theoretically) be owned. All current jurisdictions have rules against owning people, but that needs to be expressed in rules rather than definitions. Amount of a substance as counted molecules. It's here for completeness, if we bridge to an SI unit conversion ontology. It is unlikely a commercial system, with the possible exception of some involved in chemical research would use this. Note I left the disjointness with Count, Weight and Volume out as there is some ambiguity, at least in my mind as to whether they are mutually exclusive. Voltage Units of electrical power (volt). Note that wattage, current and kilowatt hours are composed unts. Measure of light Measure of brightness (candles ). Units of counting, especially each but also units such as dozens. Measures that involve countable amounts (eaches as well as cases, and the like) can be decimal Note: we did not make count disjoint will all the other magnitudes as there are some magnitudes that could conceivably be counted (say distance in rods, it's a bit of a stretch admittedly but shouldn't harm anything). A scalar value which is either measured, estimated or set as a refernece value. Magnitudes of the same dimenstional type ( ie duration or electric current) can be compared with a greater than or less than operator, but can still have difference in their relationToTheWorld type (ie you can compare actuals to estimates or references as long as the dimension is the same). Each unit has a base unit and a conversion factor to the base. The bases are from SI. 1 This is a ratio class where the numerator and denominator are of the same unit of measure. This would have to be enforced as a SWRL rule. Note there are two conventions multiple by 100 or not (ie 50/100 could be .5 or 50) we are going with the .5 convention, despite the name, as it involves less additional conversion in its use. Ratio Units are composed of two units, a numerator and denominator (for instance miles/ hour) Conversion factor will not be on the ratios, but will be on the numerator and denominator (so there won't be a conversion factor from miles/hour to kilometers/sec, but there will be one to convert the miles to kilometers and the hours to second). Units of money. Note this is the only unit whose conversion factors include time (ie the conversion rates change on a daily basis). Special type of magnitudde due to to way rounding is handled in math and temporal aspect of conversion Temperatures have a different zero value and therefore need an offset for coversion Base of temperature is in Kelvin per SI to allow for all units to be expressed relative to a real (in this case absolute) zero. Units of weight, pounds, kilos etc. Magnitude of mass. Assumes near the earth's surface, so weight and mass are equivalent for our purposes. Three dimensional space or equivalent fluid measurement. Units of three dimensional volume (cubic inch) as well as fluid volume (ounces). Two dimensional area Units of two dimensional area such as square inches and hectacres. A measure of distance which can either be distances over the earth, but could also be height, width, length, depth, girth etc. Units to measure linear distance such as feet and kilometers. Time, but not on time line. For instance one week, or seven days but not Jan 1, 2008 to Jan 7, 2008 (which is an interval). Intervals have durations but aren't durations. Units to measure passage of time, hours, days years. Instances of this class are used to categorize other instances informally. This could be tags, folksonomies or formal definitions from other systems. Design intent was to base units of measure on the base unit instances, but currently introduces too much of a performanc hit 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0 1.0 1.0 1.0